IV Type 1 Chi-He. Type 61 tanks on the move in Okinawa as part of a joint US/Japanese exercise. [30] The Type 3 Ho-Ni III utilized the chassis of the earlier Type 97 Chi-Ha medium tank. However, Japanese infantry commanders felt that a similar vehicle would be useful as the support vehicle for transport, scout and communications within the infantry divisions, and could be used as a sort of “flying company” to provide additional firepower and close support in infantry operations. The Type 98 light tank Ke-Ni (九八式軽戦車 ケニ, Kyuhachi-shiki keisensha Ke-Ni?) Production was hampered by material shortages, and by the bombing of Japan in World War II, and only 31 or 41 units were completed by the time of the end of the war. [12][13] Because it was a reconnaissance vehicle, built for speed, and not direct combat,[10] its hull and turret were designed for only two crewmen; leaving the tankette commander to load and fire the main gun. The Osaka Arsenal in March 1927, developed the Experimental Heavy Tank I. is a main battle tank (MBT) of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF). After the war brought in the Allies in 1941, then the Navy's began to have interest in amphibious tanks. The main armament, a Type 5 75 mm Tank Gun, was based on the Type 4 75 mm AA Gun, which was in turn essentially a copy of a Bofors Model 1929 75 mm AA Gun, housed in a large powered, well-armoured hexagonal gun turret along with a coaxial machine gun. By 1942, with the start of World War II, the Japanese army began to encounter the Allied M4 Sherman and M3 Stuart tanks, which they could barely cope with. Its main anti-tank armament consisted of a Type 5 75 mm Tank Gun which was the same gun that was used on the Type 4 Chi-To tank; a variant of the Japanese Type 4 75mm AA Gun. Wikis. The Type 1 Chi-He was developed in 1942 to replace the Type 97. was an innovation created to increase the number of light tanks available to front-line infantry divisions of the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. The Type 89 design was completed in April 1929, with production starting in 1931, making this the first tank to be mass-produced in Japan. The Type 90 was to have replaced the Type 74 outright as the Type 74 was generally outdated even before it entered service, but with the ending of the Cold War these plans were scaled back. Chi-He 3,730. It entered service in 1935. In the late thirties, it became clear that that kind of vehicles would not be very useful against a more serious enemy. The Type 94 was later superseded by the Type 97 tankette. After trials in both Manchukuo and Japan, the design was standardized as the Type 94 tankette. The Type 97 ShinHoTo Chi-Ha served against allied forces throughout the Pacific and East Asia as well as the Soviets during the July–August 1945 conflict in Manchuria. After World War I ended, many European countries attempted to mechanize their cavalry. Before 1945, the fleet and the air force had priority. Pages in category "Think tanks based in Japan" The following 17 pages are in this category, out of 17 total. Made from 50% cotton/50% vinylon or 70% vinylon/30% cotton. Japan Light Tanks I Renault Otsu. The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) did not have tanks of its own in World War I, so initially it started out by purchasing foreign tanks for evaluation during World War I, and then began developing its own designs. The majority of tanks fell into three categories – Chi, Ke and Ho, or Medium, Light and Gun, with Chi and Ke used as single character abbreviations for Chiu (or Chui) and Kei. One interesting variant for the Type 94 tankette was as a gas scatttering tank. Add new page. The Ka-Mi and the Ka-Chi were adaptations of land tanks on which disposable bows and sterns are added to ensure flotation. It was built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries as a replacement for the earlier Type 61. Tier X. Support Tank was a derivative of the Type 97 Chi-Ha medium tanks of the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. It is built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and was designed as a replacement for all deployed Type 61s and a portion of their Type 74 tanks, and entered service in 1990. Institute of World Economics and Politics (IWEP) The gun is armed and loaded through a mechanical bustle autoloader (conveyor-belt type), developed by Mitsubishi of Japan. Hara designed a bell crank scissors suspension which paired the bogie wheels and connected them to a coil spring mounted horizontally outside the hull. It entered service in 1935. However, by that time production was impossible due to material shortages, and by the bombing of Japan in World War II, and testing was not yet completed by the end of the war. Neither of the two completed units saw combat use.[18][24]. The Type 3 Chi-Nu medium tank was urgently developed to counter the American M4 Sherman medium tank. One major reason that the air-cooled diesel engines may have been preferred was that water was scarce in areas that the Imperial Japanese Army was operating in Mongolia, Manchuria, and North China. Production of the Chi-He started in 1944, but was discontinued after less than one year in favor of the Type 3 Chi-Nu medium tank. After the Battle of Khalkhyn Gol in 1939 against the Russians which resulted in total defeat for the Japanese Sixth Army, it prompted the Imperial Japanese Army to rethink tactics and formations of armored units along with tank design. Armored production was ramped up from 500 tanks per year to 1,200 and the Japanese decided they needed a better tank gun and developed the 47 mm in response to the Soviet 45 mm guns encountered in combat in 1939. Several variants were built, among them the Type 3 Ke-Ri, which mounted a 57 mm Model 97 gun, the Ta-Se, an anti-aircraft tank which mounted a 20 mm AA gun, and the Type 5 Ho-Ru, a self-propelled gun similar to the German Hetzer, but with a 47 mm gun. The adapted mountain gun, known as the Type 99 7.5 cm Tank Gun, was completed in 1940.The main armaments of the Type 2 Ho-I was a Type 99 75 mm tank gun, and secondary armament was a single 7.7 mm Type 97 Light Machine Gun in the hull. Chi-Ha 1,460. A M4A3E8 model of Sherman tank such as was provided to JGSDF. [25][26] Eventually, an 88 mm gun (based on the Type 99 88 mm AA Gun) was planned for the turret; a secondary weapon of a front hull-mounted Type 1 37 mm Tank Gun was fitted in the position normally taken by a machine gun.[25][27]. The gunner's position included a digital fire control computer, fed range data from the commander's range finder. During and after World War I, Britain and France were the intellectual leaders in tank design, with other countries generally following and adopting their designs. The Type 61 is conventionally laid out, with a central turret and the engine located at the rear of the hull. Development of the first Japanese-designed tank began in June 1925. was the most widely produced Japanese medium tank of World War II, with about 26 mm thick armor on its turret sides, and 33 mm on its gun shield, considered average protection in the 1930s. There are a total of [ 15 ] WW2 Japanese Tanks (1939-1945) entries in the Military Factory. No antitank opposition was to be feared. gun tank was a tank destroyer and self-propelled artillery of Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. Both allied and Axis powers like the Britain, United States, France, Germany, Italy and Japan produced significant numbers of tanks before and during WWII. It remained the standard medium tank until the late thirties. Most armies were producing tanks and there production climbed each month. Initial versions were armed with a low-velocity Type 97 57 mm Tank Gun, but from 1942 onwards, the Model 97 was armed with a high-velocity 47 mm cannon, mounted in a larger turret taken from the Type 1 Chi-He medium tank. [3] Only the prototype was ever produced, in 1934.[3]. The Type 97 Chi-Ha is a medium tank introduced in 1937, the Type 2 Ke-To is a light tank introduced in 1942. This version was designated Shinhoto Chi-Ha ("new turret") and is considered by many to be one of the best Japanese tank designs of the war. WW2 Japanese tanks and armored cars. This left a large number of surplus Type 97 turrets, which were later retrofitted onto the chassis of the obsolete Type 95 Ha-Go light tank, which had been armed with a 37 mm tank gun. Tanks designed and produced by Imperial Japan and the Japanese Self-Defense Forces. The initial attempt resulted in the Type 92 Jyu-Sokosha by Ishikawajima Motorcar Manufacturing Company (currently Isuzu Motors). This version had two gasoline engines, and was armed with 1 x 105 mm cannon, 1 x Type 1 37 mm (in a forward-mounted sub-turret), and 3 x Type 97 7.7 mm machine guns (one mounted in a forward sub-turret) while an ultra heavy version also mounted a Type 1 37 mm in a rear-facing sub-turret. The design was completed in May 1926 and production was ordered to begin at the Osaka Army Arsenal. This is the same gun that is mounted on the German Leopard 2, American Abrams, and the South Korean K1A1 tanks. The Type 1 Gun tank Ho-Ni I (一式砲戦車 ホニ I, Isshiki ho-sensha Ho-NiI?) In 1933 Major Tomio Hara designed the basis of many of the suspensions of future Japanese tanks, the bellcrank scissors which had paired bogie wheels connected by a coil spring. As with the Type 94, the interior was lined with heat insulating asbestos sheets. As units of the Imperial Japanese Army began to encounter advanced Allied medium tanks, such as the M4 Sherman, it was seen that the Japanese Type 97 Chi-Ha main battle tank lacked sufficient armor or armament to deal with this threat, and work was begun on a tank destroyer version. The Ho-Ri was a more powerful tank destroyer (gun tank) version of the Type 5 Chi-Ri, using a 105 mm cannon in place of the 75 mm design. Ease of maintenance was a high priority in the design. With this beginning, the Imperial Japanese Army establish an armored force in 1925. The sub-total of tanks produced between 1940 and 1945 is 4424, i.e. Tanks in World of Tanks are divided up by country and weight. The First World War established the validity of the tank concept. III Type 97 Chi-Ha. [28] No images of the O-I have been found, only some drawings are known to exist. Explore Wikis; Community Central; Start a Wiki; Search Sign In Don't have an account? The Japanese army immediately issued an order for 200 units to be completed in 1945. Thus, the warning of Khalkin-Gol was too slowly recognized. It was reclassified as the Type 94 (tankette) and was designed for reconnaissance,[7] but could also be utilized for supporting infantry attacks and transporting supplies. “Japanese Tank Markings, 1941-1945 (pp.394-400)”, in Airfix Magazine (March 1977). Type 4 Heavy 177,700. Games Movies TV Video. The Type 1 was an early experimental design, that led to the Type 2 Ka-Mi, which was the first production Japanese amphibious tank, although only 184 were built. Japanese tank Type 95 Ha-Go captured by Soviet troops after battle of Khalkhin Gol. The JGSDF started studies on a new tank design with Mitsubishi in 1962, as it was realized that the Type 61 would not be able to defeat the latest Soviet designs like the T-62. The Type 5 medium tank Chi-Ri (五式中戦車, Go-shiki chusensha Chi-ri?) Incomplete prototype of the Type 5 Chi-Ri after capture by American forces. Thus, as the tanks in the Japan ground self-defence force (JGSDF) service at the time were obsolete/inadequate, the JGSDF was provided with the option of either purchasing the new American built M46 Patton and, later, the M47 Patton or develop their own MBT in 1954. The Type 90 tank (90式戦車, Kyū-maru-shiki-sensya?) The turret and 47 mm gun of the Type 1 could be mounted on the hull of the Type 97 (creating the Shinhoto Chi-Ha version) and the factories were already mass-producing the older tank. Developing a tank industry from scratch took time, and the type 61 wasn’t issued to the armed forces until 1962. That year is computed on the historical calendar of Japan, starting 660 years BC. [36] This design allows the tank crew to operate without a loader, which allows the use of a smaller turret. Only two units were completed by the surrender of Japan. The Type 2 Ke-To Light Tank (二式軽戦車 ケト, Nishiki keisensha Ke-To?) The main gun was the Type 61 90 millimeter caliber rifled gun with a horizontal sliding breach block. It weighed 22 tons, with 57 mm gun in the main turret, and 2 MGs in subsidiary turrets. Operational experience revealed that this gun was totally inadequate against any form of opposing armor, and a new higher velocity 47 mm tank gun was developed. Experimental Type 5 gun tank Ho-Ri I mock-up scale model. [18], The Type 4 Chi-To was a thirty-ton, all-welded tank with a maximum armor thickness of about 75 mm. Second domestically designed pattern. The 'Type 97 Light armored car Te-Ke (九七式軽装甲車 テケ, Kyū-nana-shiki kei sōkōsha Kete?) The Type 61 (Japanese: ろくいちしきせんしゃ Kanji: 61式戦車) was a main battle tank (MBT) developed and used by the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF), built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.Development started in 1955 and the vehicle was first deployed in April 1961. The Type 1 Ho-Ni I was designed to operate as self-propelled artillery in the armored divisions. The main armament of the Type 3 Ho-Ni III was a 75 mm Type 90 Field Gun, loosely based on the French Schneider et Cie Canon de 85 mle 1927 which was also used in the Type 3 Chi-Nu tank. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more). Requirements of the Type 90 were completed in 1980 with two prototypes and a second series of four prototypes was built between 1986 and 1988 which incorporated changes as a result of trials with the first two prototypes. These models included one British Heavy Mk IV and six Medium Mark A Whippets, along with thirteen French Renault FT-17s (later designated Ko-Gata Senshaor "Type A Tank"). The JGSDF decided to develop its own tank, which resulted in the development of the current range of modern Japanese tanks built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. Recently Changed Pages. Type 5 Heavy 257,560. By 1942, after the start of World War II, the Japanese army began to encounter the Allied M4 Sherman and M3 Stuart tanks, with which they could barely cope. [11], The Type 97 replaced the Type 94 on the assembly line in 1939, it was primarily assigned to reconnaissance regiments, and, as with US Army tanks prior to 1941, was not designed to engage enemy tanks. The Type 95 had the surname "Ha-Go" given by the builder of the tank. By 1932, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries was producing an air-cooled diesel engine that was suitable for tanks. 1 Japanese tanks and armoured vehicles 1.1 Tankettes 1.2 Light tanks 1.3 Medium tanks 1.4 Heavy tanks 1.5 Amphibious tanks 1.6 Self-propelled guns 1.7 Experimental tanks 1.8 Armored vehicles 1.9 Other vehicles 2 Imported tanks and armored vehicles (including captured types) 3 See also Type 92 Jyu-Sokosha Type 94 tankette Tankette Type 97 Te-Ke Tankette Type 92 Jyu-Sokosha Combat Car Type … In parallel, Japanese cavalry also experimented with a variety of armored cars with limited success. The Chi-Nu retained the same chassis and suspension of the Type 97 but in a large new hexagonal gun turret. was developed by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II as an improvement on the existing Type 98 Ke-Ni. The Type 2 tank production was placed on hold, and only 34 units were completed by the end of the war. Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Global Industrial and Social Progress Research Institute, Institute for International Monetary Affairs, Japan Institute for National Fundamentals, National Institute for Research Advancement, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Think_tanks_based_in_Japan&oldid=726551781, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 22 June 2016, at 22:27. was a tankette designed as a fast reconnaissance vehicle,[10] and was a replacement for the earlier Type 94 TK. [23] The Chi-Nu was the last tank deployed by the IJA, and production continued until the end of the war. Japanese Tank Wikia. For various reasons, including obsolescence of the tanks in JGSDF service at the time, the JGSDF in 1954 was given the option to either purchase new American built M46 Pattons and later the M47 Patton or develop its own Main Battle Tank (MBT). Many IJA generals attended the trials on June 21–22, 1927, and the tank showed acceptable performance during movement in rough terrain and on slopes. However, tanks built for this role left the IJA without a tank capable of taking on other tanks, a deficiency that was brought home hard at Khalkin-Gol, a terrible defeat inflicted by the Russians on the Mongolian border in 1939. It is slated to be complemented by the Type 10. As with most tankettes it was severely deficient in armor protection, and was easy prey for a .50 caliber machinegun (heavy machinegun).[14]. In the meantime, a new light tank had appeared. In the field of amphibious tanks, the Japanese proved more creative. However, production did not begin until 1942. Similar in concept to early variant of the German Panzer IV, it was designed as a self-propelled howitzer to provide the close-in fire support for standard Japanese medium tanks with additional firepower against enemy anti-tank fortifications. The results were used to develop the STA-3 (completed in January 1960) and STA-4 (completed in November 1959) in 1960. This was placed experimentally into a Type 89. However after 1941 the Japanese focused their industry on building warships and aircraft after Pearl Harbor brought the United States into the conflict, as priorities shifted to weapons they felt were more important to attack across the Pacific and defend the Empire from the advancing Americans. The first test vehicles, STA-1 (completed in December 1956) and STA-2 (completed in February 1957) were built and tested. A coaxial 7.62 millimeter machine gun is mounted next to the gun. Jump to navigation Jump to search This article is a list of notable think tanks sorted by ... Japan Institute of International Affairs; National Institute for Research Advancement (NIRA) Kazakhstan. The type number follows the year of deployment. Purchase of Western models. Between 1931 and 1945, Japan produced 6450 tanks. So although the Japanese Army widely employed tanks within the Pacific theater of war, the tanks that Allied forces in the Pacific faced were mostly old designs or obsolete as the most modern Japanese tanks, such as the Type 3 Chi-Nu were delayed by shortages and even after started to come out of the factories the idea was to hold them for the defense of the mainland, and not dispersed to the far flung Imperial Japanese Army or Navy forces. However, due to the outbreak of the Korean War, SCAP ordered Japan to re-militarize, forming the Japanese Ground-Self Defense Force and providing M4A3E8 Sherman and M24 Chaffee tanks (an initial plan to provide M26 Pershings was abandoned in the face of State Department opposition). In total, approximately 100 units were converted in 1944.[20]. The Type 5 Na-To made use of the chassis of the Type 4 Chi-So medium tracked carrier. Rounds for the main gun were upgraded from HEP to APFSDS and HEAT-MP. A total of 560 were produced. The prototype was built in 1933-34 by the Tokyo Gas and Electric Industry (later known as Hino Motors). Japan produced several amphibious tank designs, including the Type 1 Mi-Sha, Type 2 Ka-Mi, Type 3 Ka-Chi, Type 4 Ka-Tsu, Type 4 Ka-Sha, Type 5 To-Ku, F B Swamp Vehicle, Type 4 Ka-Tsu, Toku 4 Shiki Naikatei APC, and the SRII Ro-Go for use by the Japanese Special Naval Landing Forces. In traditional Japan, cavalry was used for reconnaissance in the mountainous countryside, so at first the designs were constrained by the tank’s infantry support role. So as many said, Japanese tanks were quite inferior to the Allied tanks at the war and this resulted in many Japanese tanks simply being crushed by tanks like the M4 Sherman, M3 Lee/Grant, and Matilda II before they could have a hope of winning. The Type 92 was designed for use by the cavalry for reconnaissance and infantry support but another support vehicle to provide additional firepower and close support in infantry operations, was needed. Currently used by the JGSDF, the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, Japan National Defense Academy cadets, and JASDF Air Rescue Wings Pararescuemen. The Type 90 mounts a licensed copy of the German Rheinmetall L44 120 mm smoothbore cannon product by Japan Steel Works Limited. [32][33][34], Near the end of the Pacific War, Japanese field commanders realized that nothing in the inventory of the Japanese army would be able to withstand the increasingly advanced tanks and armored vehicles fielded by the Allies, and that a more powerful version of the Type 3 Ho-Ni III was necessary. [6] The IJA determined that the British and French machines were too small to be practical, and started planning for a larger version, the TK model, or Special Tractor. Japanese tanks of World War II: Type 95 Ha-Go, Type 97 Chi-Ha, Type 89 Chi-Ro, Type 2 Ka-Mi, Type 1 Ho-Ki APC, Type 97 Te-Ke The prototypes were built by Mitsubishi and production was started in 1935, with over 2000 completed by the end of the war. Armament was a Type 90 57 mm gun, along with one (later two) Type 91 6.5 mm machine guns. Its shortcomings were clear since the Battle of Kalkin Go in 1939 though. The ideogram "Chi" meant a medium tank, "Te" a tankette; "Ke" an assault gun, "Ho" a self-propelled gun, "Ka" an amphibious tank. Use of colour reference materials must source the author. A tank Type 92 was thus introduced in 1932, the year 2592 of the Japanese calendar (only the two last digits counts). Japanese tanks and armoured vehicles. Type 95 Ha-Go tank in New Britain following the Japanese surrender in 1945. STB-1 255,000. tanks.gg is a player created website for World of Tanks. 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